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    India is playing an enormous interest in establishing a relationship with various countries around the globe. Integration of the military exercises is an unavoidable obligation for the contemporary combat zone. The joint military is essential for the cooperation of countries apart from economic cooperation and the prevailing hard situation. The absence of cooperation in the military field in the Indian armed forces received a motivation post-Kargil. The most significant benefit of joint military exercises is ‘strategic signalling’. This is an important concept for many major government exams, including the defence exam Indian Military Exercises The Indian military exercises can be segregated into 3 categories: Domestic exerciseBilateral ExerciseMultilateral exercise Domestic exercise – This exercise aims to improve internal engagements and there can be inter-services or intra-services depending on nature and its application. List of military domestic exercises: Gandiv VijayPaschim LeharVayu ShaktiVijay Prahar Bilateral exercise – These exercises are conducted between two countries. The following table provides you with a list of important Indian bilateral army exercises. Exercise NameParticipant NationsSampritiIndia & BangladeshMitra ShaktiIndia & Sri LankaMaitree ExerciseIndia & ThailandVajra PraharIndia & USYudh AbhyasIndia & USNomadic ElephantIndia & MongoliaGaruda ShaktiIndia & IndonesiaShakti ExerciseIndia & FranceDharma GuardianIndia & JapanSurya KiranIndia & NepalHand in Hand ExerciseIndia & ChinaSIMBEXIndia & SingaporeShakti ExerciseIndia & FranceCORPATIndia & Thailand Multilateral exercise – These exercises are conducted by the military including more than one partner nation. List of major multilateral exercises conducted by the military are given below: Multilateral exerciseNo of Participating countriesRIMPAC26MALABAR3COBRA-GOLDAsia – Pacific countriesSamvednaSouth Asian Region Nations Latest Important Military Exercises – 2022 The table given below mentions the latest editions of all the important military exercises of India with other nations. CSE exam aspirants must refer to the details discussed below: Exercise nameCountry participated with IndiaLatest Date/Year/EditionHeld atAl Nagah-IIIOman12th March 20193rd EditionJabal AL Akhdar training camp, OmanBold KurukshetraSingapore9th April 201912th EditionBabina Military Station in Jhansi district of Uttar PradeshEkuverinMaldives7th October 201910th EditionPune, MaharashtraGaruda Shakti IVIndonesia19th February 20186th EditionBandung, IndonesiaHand in HandChina7th December 20198th EditionUmroi, MeghalayaIndraRussia4th September 202011th EditionAndaman SeaKhanjar VKyrgyzstan16th March 20195th EditionVairengte in MizoramLamityeSeychelles20188th EditionMahe Island in Seychelles MaitreeThailand16th September 201914th EditionUmroi, MeghalayaMitra Shakti-VIISri Lanka1st December 20197th EditionPune, MaharashtraMulti-national FTX/Exercise Force Eighteen18 ASEAN Plus countries2nd March 2016Pune, IndiaNomadic ElephantMongolia5th October 201914th EditionBakloh Cantonment, Himachal PradeshPrabal DostykKazakhstan2nd November 2017Second EditionHimachal PradeshSampriti-IXBangladesh3rd February 20209th EditionUmroi, MeghalayaSurya Kiran XIVNepal3rd December 201914th EditionSaljhandi, NepalYudh AbhyasUnited States8th February 202116th EditionRajasthan Facts About Indian Army The table below gives a few important and interesting facts about the Indian Army for the defence Exam: Indian ArmyIndian Army is the world’s largest ground force, overtaking ChinaThere are approximately 1.4 million personnel in the Indian ArmyThe largest standing volunteer army in the world is Indian Army with 1,129,900 Active personnel and 960,000 ReservesThere are recruiting zones in the country for the purpose of recruitment in the Indian ArmyThe headquarters of Indian Army is in New DelhiThe first headquarters of Indian Army – Red Fort, DelhiToday – Portions of South Block along with a gigantic, architecturally modern Sena Bhavan adjacent.In India, command headquarters is known as Field Army with a General Officer Commanding-in-Chief presiding over matters in the rank of a (three-star) Lieutenant General.The head of the Indian Army staff is called the Chief of Army Staff (COAS.)The current Army Chief is General Manoj Mukund NaravaneEarlier, General Bipin Rawat was the Indian Army ChiefIndian Army also has Vice Chief and two Deputy Chiefs of Army StaffIn the Indian Army, corps are the field force. They are of two types – Holding Corps and Strike Corps Frequently Asked Questions about Joint Military Exercises of the Indian Army Why are Joint Military exercises between armies important? A military exercise involving two or more nations is a measure to test the performance of the armed forces without engaging in the battlefield. These are useful in case of joint military operations be it in war or in operations other than war such as disaster relief, and humanitarian aid. What is Vajra Prahar? Vajra Prahar’ is a Special Forces joint training exercise conducted alternately in India and the US to share the best practices and experiences in areas such as joint mission planning and operational tactics as also to improve interoperability between the Special Forces of both nations. What is the name of joint military exercise of India & France? France and India have built on their longstanding air force cooperation through the tactical bilateral exercise, Garuda, held alternately in France and India, as well as other joint exercises. What is Yudh Abhyas? The 16th ‘Yudh Abhyas,’ a joint military exercise between India and the United States, was held from February 8th to February 21st, 2021. The joint military exercise between India and the United States took place at the Mahajan Field Firing Ranges in Rajasthan’s Bikaner district. What is EX SAMPRITI – X ? As part of the ongoing India Bangladesh bilateral defence cooperation, a joint military training exercise Ex SAMPRITI-X is being conducted at Jashore Military Station in Bangladesh from 05 June to 16 June 2022. What is the name of military exercise between India and Japan? Ex Dharma Guardian – 2022 is a joint military exercise between India and Japan, is being conducted at the Foreign Training Node in Belagavi. The annual training event for the exercise is being held in India since 2018. What is Konkan exercise? Konkan Shakti 2021 is the first bilateral tri-service exercise between the armed forces of India and the UK. It culminated in the Arabian Sea on 27 October 21. LAMITIYE – 2022 is a joint military exercise between India and which country ? The 9th Joint Military Exercise LAMITIYE-2022 between the Indian Army and Seychelles Defence Forces (SDF) is being conducted at Seychelles Defence Academy (SDA), Seychelles from 22 March to 31 March 22. […] Read more…
    Why in News On 8th Aug 2020, India completed 78 years of Quit India Movement also known as August Kranti. Taking inspiration from the Quit India Movement, the Prime Minister gave a call for the revival of its spirit of the Quit India Movement by coining a new slogan karenge aur karake rahenge in place of Gandhi’s slogan of karo ya maro (Do or Die). The aim of this slogan is to achieve the goal of building a “New India” by 2022. Key Points About: On 8th August 1942, Mahatma Gandhi gave a clarion call to end the British rule and launched the Quit India Movement at the session of the All-India Congress Committee in Mumbai. Gandhiji gave the call “Do or Die” in his speech delivered at the Gowalia Tank Maidan, now popularly known as August Kranti Maidan. Aruna Asaf Ali popularly known as the ‘Grand Old Lady’ of the Independence Movement is known for hoisting the Indian flag at the Gowalia Tank Maidan in Mumbai during the Quit India Movement. The slogan ‘Quit India’ was coined by Yusuf Meherally, a socialist and trade unionist who also served as Mayor of Mumbai. Meherally had also coined the slogan “Simon Go Back Causes: The immediate cause for the movement was the collapse of Cripps Mission. The British assumption of unconditional support from India to British in World War II was not taken well by the Indian National Congress. The anti-British sentiments and demand for full-independence had gained popularity among indian masses. The two decades of mass movement which were being conducted on a much more radical tone under the leadership of the various associated and affiliated bodies of the Congress, like All India Kisan Sabha, Forward Bloc etc. had already prepared the ground for the movement. There were militant outbursts happening at several places in the country which got channelized with the Quit India Movement. The economy was also in shatters as a result of World War II. BEST NDA COACHING IN INDORE […] Read more…
    Indian Army Ranks: Indian Army has introduced various ranks and cadres for administrative efficiency. Candidates aspiring to join the Indian Army must be familiar with various positions and the rank hierarchy before applying for any post. Ranks in the Indian Army are broadly classified into three categories. These are Commissioned Officers (CO), Junior Commissioned Officers (JCO), and other ranks (Non-Commissioned Officers and Soldiers). The Indian military ranks are based on candidates’ qualifications, performance, and experience in a particular field. All the posts in the Commissioned Officers come under the Group A Service Officers. In comparison, posts in Junior Commissioned Officers come under the Group B Gazetted Officers. Read on to know about the Indian Army Officer ranks and salary, JCO ranks, how to join the Indian Army, and more. Indian Army Ranks and Insignia The Indian Army ranks reflect the ranks of western militaries, especially the British and Commonwealth militaries. At present, the Indian army ranks list is classified into three categories: Commissioned Officers (CO)Junior Commissioned Officers (JCO)Other ranks (Non-Commissioned Officers and Soldiers) Let us look at the ranks under each of these three categories. Ranks in Indian Army: Commissioned Officers The Commissioned Officers are equivalent to All India Services and Group A Service Officers. The different ranks for Commissioned Officers are as under: Sl. NoRank1Field Marshal2General3Lieutenant General4Major General5Brigadier6Colonel7Lieutenant Colonel8Major9Captain10Lieutenant Insignia for Commissioned Officers The insignia for the Commissioned Officers are shown in the image below: Indian Army Ranks List The description for each of these insignia, as well as the collar patch for each of these ranks, are tabulated below: Indian Army Ranks – Commissioned OfficersInsignia DescriptionCollar PatchField MarshalNational emblem over a crossed sword and baton in a lotus blossom wreath.Crimson patches with five golden starsGeneralNational emblem over a five-pointed star, all over a crossed baton and sabre.Crimson patches with four golden starsLieutenant GeneralNational emblem over crossed baton and sabre.Crimson patches with three golden starsMajor GeneralFive-pointed star over crossed baton and sabre.Crimson patches with two golden starsBrigadierNational emblem over three five-pointed stars in a triangular formation.Crimson patches with one golden starColonelNational emblem over two five-pointed starsCrimson patches with golden braidsLieutenant ColonelNational emblem over five-pointed star.–MajorNational emblem–CaptainThree five-pointed stars.–LieutenantTwo five-pointed stars.– http://on-app.in/app/oc/241812/qurgt your exam prepration is just 1 click away Note that the rank of Field Marshal is primarily ceremonial in India. To date, this rank has been conferred to only two officers of the Indian Army – Field Marshal Sam Manekshaw and Field Marshal KM Cariappa.The usual highest rank of the Indian Army is the rank of General, which is held by the Chief of Army Staff (COAS). New officers in the Indian Army are commissioned as Lieutenants, and after that, they get promoted to higher ranks in the order mentioned above. JCO Ranks in Indian Army The Junior Commissioned Officers (JCO) of the Indian Army are equivalent to Group B Gazetted Officers. The different ranks for Junior Commissioned Officers are as under: Sl. NoRank1Subedar Major2Subedar3Naib Subedar Insignia for Junior Commissioned Officers The insignia for the Junior Commissioned Officers are shown in the image below: The description of each of these insignia for each of these ranks is tabulated below: Junior Commissioned Officers RanksInsignia DescriptionSubedar MajorGold national emblem with stripeSubedarTwo gold stars in one line with a stripeNaik SubedarOne gold star with a stripe Other Ranks in Indian Army Other ranks in the Army include Non-Commissioned Officers and soldiers. They are authorised to wear Chevron as per the Corp Pattern or Regiment. Check the other different ranks below: Sl. NoRank1Company Quarter Master Havildar2Havildar3Naik4Lance Naik5Sepoy Insignia for Other Ranks The insignia for Non-Commissioned Officers and Soldiers of the Indian Army are shown in the image below: The description of each of these insignia for each of these ranks is tabulated below: Non-Commissioned Officer and Soldier RanksInsignia DescriptionCQMHThree Strips and Ashoka Chakra on topHavildarThree rank chevronsNaikTwo rank chevronsLance NaikSingle rank chevronSepoyPlain shoulder badge only How to Join the Indian Army? There are several entry schemes available for both men and women to join the Indian Army. Indian Army Entry Schemes for Men: The entry schemes for men are given below: Intermediate (10+2) – National Defence Academy (NDA) exam and 10+2 Technical Entry SchemeGraduate UPSC – Indian Military Academy Direct (IMA) and Officers Training Academy (OTA) – Non-TechnicalGraduate Non-UPSC – SSC (JAG) and SSC (NCC)Graduate Technical Entries – University Entry Scheme (UES), TGC (Engineers), SSC (Technical) and AECService Entries – ACC, PC (SL), and SCOMiscellaneous Entries – Territorial Army (TA), RVC, AMC (NT), and APS Indian Army Entry Schemes for Women: The entry schemes for women are given below: Graduate UPSC – SSCW (Non-Tech)Graduate Non-UPSC – SSCW (NCC) and SSCW (JAG)Graduate Tech Entries – SSCW (Technical) Indian Ranks in the Army, Navy, and Airforce Check the comparison of ranks of the Army, Navy, and Airforce in this section. Indian Armed Forces: Ranks of Officers Please find the ranks of the Indian Armed Forces Officers below: FOR OFFLINE BATCH CLICK HERE Indian Army RanksIndian Navy RanksIndian Airforce RanksField MarshalAdmiral of the FleetMarshal of Air ForceGeneralAdmiralAir Chief MarshalLieutenant GeneralVice AdmiralAir MarshalMajor GeneralRear AdmiralAir Vice MarshalBrigadierCommodoreAir CommodoreColonelCaptainGroup CaptainLieutenant ColonelCommanderWing CommanderMajorLieutenant CommanderSquadron LeaderCaptainLieutenantFlight LieutenantLieutenantSub LieutenantFlying Officer JCO Ranks in Indian Army & Other Ranks Please find the JCO ranks below: Indian Army RanksIndian Navy RanksIndian Airforce RanksSubedar MajorMaster Chief Petty Officer IMaster Warrant OfficerSubedarMaster Chief Petty Officer IIWarrant OfficerNaib SubedarChief Petty OfficerJunior Warrant OfficerHavildarPetty OfficerSergeantNaikLeading SeamanCorporalLance NaikSeaman ILeading AircraftmanSepoySeaman IIAircraftman Indian Army Ranks and Salary Not all levels are recruited directly through the NDA or CDS exams. In reality, only a small number of people are hired directly, and the remainder is promoted following a training period. These levels are further classified as Non-Commissioned Officers, Junior Commissioned Officers, and Commissioned Officers. Indian Army Salary: After the 7th Pay Commission Please check the salaries of the Indian Army ranks below: Rank/Pay LevelSalary (After 7th Pay Commission)Chief of Army Staff (Level 18)INR 2,50,000/- (Fixed)VCOAS/Army Cdr/Lieutenant General (NEGS) (Level 17)INR 2,25,000/- (Fixed)Indian Army Lieutenant General Salary (Level 15)INR 1,82,200/- – INR 2,24,100/-Indian Army Major General Salary (Level 14)INR 1,44,200/- – INR 2,18,200/-Indian Army Brigadier Salary (Level 13 A)INR 1,39,600/- – INR 2,17,600/-Indian Army Colonel Salary (Level 13)INR 1,30,600/- – INR 2,15,900/-Indian Army Lieutenant Colonel Salary (Level 12)INR 1,21,200/- – INR 2,12,400/-Indian Army Major Salary (Level 11)INR 69400/- – INR 2,07,200/-Indian Army Captain Salary (Level 10 B)INR 61,300/- – INR 1,93,900/-Indian Army Lieutenant Salary (Level 10)INR 56,100/- – INR 1,77,500/-Indian Army Subedar Major Salary (Level 8)INR 34,800/-Indian Army Subedar Salary (Level 7)INR 34,800/-Indian Army Naib Subedar Salary (Level 6)INR 34,800/-Indian Army Havaldar Salary (Level 5)INR 34,800/-Indian Army Naik Salary (Level 4)INR 20,200/-Indian Army Lance Naik Salary (Level 3)INR 20,200/-Indian Army Sepoy Salary (Level 3)INR 20,200/- FAQs on Indian Army Ranks 2022 Following are some of the frequently asked questions related to the Indian Army Ranking and Insignia: Q.1: What are the different ranks of the Indian Army?A. In the Indian Army, the ranks are classified into three categories: Commissioned OfficersJunior Commissioned OfficersOther Ranks (Non-Commissioned Officers and Soldiers) Q2: What is the highest rank in the Indian Army?A. The highest rank in the Indian Army is the Field Marshal. However, this has been conferred only to two officers of the Indian Army – Field Marshal Sam Manekshaw and Field Marshal KM Cariappa. The usual highest rank is the rank of General which is held by the Chief of Army Staff of the Indian Army (COAS). Q.3: What is the lowest rank in the Indian Army?A. The lowest rank is the Sepoy in the Indian Army. Q.4: Which is the first rank of commissioned officers in the Indian Army?A. Candidates who join the Indian Army as officers will be commissioned as Lieutenant. Q.5: Which rank is given after NDA?A. For candidates joining the army through the NDA exam, they will be commissioned as Lieutenant after completion of training […] Read more…
    NDA Exam 2023 Age Limits – Who Can Apply For NDA 1 2023 And NDA 2 2023 NDA Exam aspirants who are looking forward to the upcoming NDA 1 2023 and NDA 2 2023 examinations can find out the age limits for NDA 2023 here. UPSC will publish NDA 1 2023 notification on 21 December 2022 and registrations will be open till 10 January 2023. UPSC will publish the NDA 2 2023 notification on 17 May 2023 and registrations will be open till 06 June 2023. As we all know that NDA 1 2023 exam will be conducted on 16 April 2023 and NDA 2 2023 exam will be conducted on 03 September 2023. Candidates who are preparing for the NDA 2023 Exam can find the important details related to NDA 2023 exams below. NDA COACHING IN INDORE FORCE DEFENCE ACADEMY 9826049151 NDA 1 2023 Exam AGE LIMIT: Age limit plays a crucial role in this notification. UPSC follows strict rules considering the dates. The dates given by UPSC for NDA 1 2023 are: •  Only unmarried male/female candidates born not earlier than 02nd July, 2004 and not later than 1st July, 2007 are eligible. NDA 2 2023 Exam AGE LIMIT: Age limit plays a crucial role in this notification. UPSC follows strict rules considering the dates. The dates given by UPSC for NDA 1 2023 are: • Only unmarried male/female candidates born not earlier than 02nd January, 2005 and not later than 1st January, 2008 are eligible. NDA Exam 2023 EDUCATIONAL QUALIFICATION: As we mentioned earlier this NDA examination admits the young blood into the regular Army, Navy and Air Force. Please find the below table for clarification: QUALIFICATION ARMY WING  10+2 / Equivalent NAVAL WING     10+2 / Equivalent with Physics & Mathematics AIR FORCE     10+2 / Equivalent with Physics & Mathematics NOTE: Candidates who are appearing in the 12th Class under the 10+2 pattern of School Education or equivalent examination can also apply for this examination. NDA 1 2023 EVENTS IMPORTANT DATES   Notification Release date21 December 2022NDA 1 2023 Application Start21 December 2022  NDA 1 2023 Apply Last Date  10 January 2023Release of Admit card               Before 3 weeks of exam  NDA 1 2023 Exam date         16 April 2023 (SUNDAY)  Declaration of result   May – June 2023  NDA 1 2023 SSB Interview Dates NDA 1 2023 Merit List             December 2023             NDA 2 2023 Exam Dates: UPSC will publish the NDA 2 2023 notification and important dates. Let’s have a look at the schedule for NDA 2 2023 exam. NDA 2 2023 EVENTS    IMPORTANT DATESNotification Release date          17 May 2023NDA 2 2023 Application Start  17 May 2023NDA 2 2023 Apply Last Date  06 June 2023Release of Admit card  Before 3 weeks of examNDA 2 2023 Exam date 03 Sep 2023 (SUNDAY)Declaration of result     Oct – Nov 2023NDA 2 2023 SSB Interview Dates       NDA 2 2023 Merit List           June 2024 NDA Exam 2023 SELECTION PROCEDURE: To select the candidates UPSC follows 2 stages of the selection process. As this is a national level entrance examination the applications will be very high to imagine. So, they follow the below method to select the candidates: Written Examination SSB Interview Medical Test Document Verification Merit List NDA Exam 2023 WRITTEN TEST: To filter the candidates applied from the whole nation written test helps the conducting authority to filter the candidates easily. The exam will be conducted in Pen and Paper (offline) mode. SUBJECT     DURATIONMARKSMathematics    2 Hrs & 30 Min300General Ability Test2 Hrs & 30 Min 600   Total  900 NDA Exam 2023 SYLLABUS: Every aspirant to NDA should go through the syllabus before the examination. This is very important. Even though it is from 10+2 level but the question paper pattern will be a high pattern. SUBJECTSYLLABUSMATHEMATICSALGEBRA  MATRICES AND DETERMINANTS  TRIGONOMETRY  ANALYTICAL GEOMETRY OF TWO AND THREE DIMENSIONS  DIFFERENTIAL CALCULUS  INTEGRAL CALCULUS AND DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS  VECTOR ALGEBRA  STATISTICS AND PROBABILITY GENERAL ABILITY TEST    PART A – ENGLISH PART B – GENERAL KNOWLEDGE             Physics             Chemistry             General Science             History, Freedom Movement etc             Geography             Current Events       NDA Exam 2023 SSB INTERVIEW: The candidates who qualify in written examination will be called for SSB Interview from the available centers in India. Stage I – Officer Intelligence Rating (OIR), Picture perception, and Description Test. Stage II – Group Testing Officer Tasks, Psychology Tests and Conference […] Read more…
    Recently, the Union Government has partially withdrawn the Armed Forces Special Powers Act (AFSPA), 1958 from parts of three Northeast states— Assam, Nagaland and Manipur. Currently, AFSPA remains in force in parts of these three states as well as in parts of Arunachal Pradesh and Jammu & Kashmir. BEST NDA COACHING IN INDIA What is AFSPA? Background:The British colonial government had on 15th August, 1942, promulgated the Armed Forces Special Powers Ordinance to suppress the Quit India movement.It was the foundation for four ordinances, including one for the “Assam disturbed areas” invoked in 1947 to deal with Partition-induced internal security challenges.The Armed Forces (Assam and Manipur) Special Powers Act, 1958, followed the Assam Disturbed Areas Act of 1955 to deal with the uprising in the Naga Hills and adjoining areas.The Act was replaced by the AFSPA for wider application. A similar Act specific to Jammu and Kashmir was enacted in 1990.About:AFSPA gives sweeping powers to the armed forces.For example, it allows them to open fire, even causing death, against any person in contravention to the law or carrying arms and ammunition.Also, it gives them powers to arrest individuals without warrants, on the basis of “reasonable suspicion”, and search premises without warrants.It can be imposed by the Centre or the Governor of a state, on the state or parts of it, after these areas are declared “disturbed’’ under Section 3.The Act was amended in 1972 and the powers to declare an area as “disturbed” were conferred concurrently upon the Central government along with the States.Currently, the Union Home Ministry issues periodic “disturbed area” notification to extend AFSPA only for Nagaland and Arunachal Pradesh.The notification for Manipur and Assam is issued by the State governments.Tripura revoked the Act in 2015 and Meghalaya was under AFSPA for 27 years, until it was revoked by the MHA from 1st April 2018. BEST CDS COACHING IN INDORE What is the Role of State Governments Vis-a-Vis AFSPA? Informal Consultation with State: While the Act gives powers to the central government to unilaterally take the decision to impose AFSPA, this is usually done informally in consonance with the state government.The Centre takes its decision after having received a recommendation from the state government.Coordination with Local Police: While the Act gives powers to security forces to open fire, this cannot be done without prior warning given to the suspect.According to the act, after the apprehension of suspects, the security forces have to hand them over to the local police station within 24 hours.It says the armed forces must act in cooperation with the district administration and not as an independent body. Why has AFSPA been withdrawn now and Its Impact? Withdrawal: Reduction in areas under AFSPA is a result of the improved security situation and fast-tracked development due to the consistent efforts and several agreements to end insurgency and bring lasting peace in the North-East by the Indian government.For example, In Nagaland, all major groups — the NSCN(I-M) and Naga National Political Groups (NNPGs) — are at advanced stages of concluding agreements with the government.Impact: The Northeast has lived under the shadow of AFSPA for nearly 60 years, creating a feeling of alienation from the rest of the country.The move is expected to help demilitarise the region, it will lift restrictions on movements through checkpoints and frisking of residents. Why was AFSPA imposed on the Northeast in the first place? Naga Insurgency: When the Naga nationalist movement kicked off in the 1950s with the setting up of the Naga National Council (NNC), the Assam police forces allegedly used force to quell the movement.As an armed movement took root in Nagaland, AFSPA was passed in Parliament, and subsequently imposed on the entire state.In Manipur, too, it was imposed in 1958 in the three Naga-dominated districts of Senapati, Tamenglong and Ukhrul, where the NNC was active.Secessionist and Nationalist Movements: As secessionist and nationalist movements started sprouting in other Northeastern states, AFSPA started being extended and imposed. What has made AFSPA unpopular among the people? Furtherance of Feeling of Alienation: According to leaders of the Naga nationalist movement, the use of force and AFSPA furthered the feeling of alienation of the Naga people, solidifying Naga nationalism.Draconian Law & Fake Encounters: Various incidents of violence have been recorded in the Northeastern states, as AFSPA gives sweeping powers to security forces.In a writ petition filed in the Supreme Court in 2012, the families of victims of extra-judicial killings alleged 1,528 fake encounters had taken place in the state from May 1979 to May 2012.The Supreme Court set up a commission to scrutinize six of these cases, and the commission found all six to be fake encounters.Bypassing State: There have been instances where the Centre has overruled the state, such as the imposition of AFSPA in Tripura in 1972. BEST NDA COACHING IN INDORE What attempts have been made to repeal AFSPA or reduce its area of operation in the past? Protest by Irom Sharmila: In 2000, the activist Irom Sharmila began a hunger strike that would continue for 16 years against AFSPA in Manipur.Justice Jeevan Reddy: In 2004, the then central government set up a five-member committee under former Supreme Court Justice Jeevan Reddy.The committee recommended the repeal of AFSPA and called it “highly undesirable”, and held that it had become a symbol of oppression.Second Administrative Reforms Commission Recommendation: Subsequently, the Second Administrative Reforms Commission, headed by Veeerapa Moily, endorsed these recommendations. Way Forward The government and the security forces should abide by the guidelines set out by the Supreme Court, Jeevan Reddy Commission, and the National Human Rights Commission (NHRC). […] Read more…
    Check the CDS 2023 exam age limits for CDS 1 2023 and CDS 2 2023. Check if you can apply for CDS 2023 exam CDS Exam aspirants who are looking forward to the upcoming CDS 1 2023 and CDS 2 2023 examinations can find out the age limits for CDS 2023 here. The CDS exam age limit factor is very important to decide if you will be eligible for the upcoming CDS exam or not. UPSC will publish CDS 1 2023 notification on 21 December 2022 and registrations will be open till 10 January 2023. UPSC will publish the CDS 2 2023 notification on 17 May 2023 and registrations will be open till 06 June 2023. As we all know that CDS 1 2023 exam will be conducted on 16 April 2023 and CDS 2 2023 exam will be conducted on 03 September 2023. Candidates who are preparing for the CDS 2023 Exam can find the important details related to CDS 2023 exams below. CDS 1 2023 Exam AGE LIMIT: Age limit plays a crucial role in this notification. UPSC follows strict rules considering the dates. The dates given by UPSC for CDS 1 2023 are: ACADEMYAGE LIMITBORN BETWEENINDIAN MILITARY ACADEMY19-2402 Jan 2000 to 01 Jan 2005INDIAN NAVAL ACADEMY19-2402 Jan 2000 to 01 Jan 2005AIR FORCE ACADEMY20-2402 Jan 2000 to 01 Jan 2004OFFICERS’ TRAINING ACADEMY (MEN)19-2502 Jan 1999 to 01 Jan 2005OFFICERS’ TRAINING ACADEMY (WOMEN)19-2502 Jan 1999 to 01 Jan 2005 CDS 2 2023 Exam AGE LIMIT: Age limit plays a crucial role in this notification. UPSC follows strict rules considering the dates. The dates given by UPSC for CDS 2 2023 are: ACADEMYAGE LIMITBORN BETWEENINDIAN MILITARY ACADEMY19-2402 July 2000 to 01 July 2005INDIAN NAVAL ACADEMY19-2402 July 2000 to 01 July 2005AIR FORCE ACADEMY20-2402 July 2000 to 01 July 2004OFFICERS’ TRAINING ACADEMY (MEN)19-2502 July 1999 to 01 July 2005OFFICERS’ TRAINING ACADEMY (WOMEN)19-2502 July 1999 to 01 July 2005 CDS Exam 2023 Educational Qualifications: Candidates should be well known with the education qualifications before applying the examination. Here we brought the complete details of the educational qualifications required for CDS Exam 2023 Notification. ACADEMYEDUCATIONAL QUALIFICATIONINDIAN MILITARY ACADEMYGraduation DegreeINDIAN NAVAL ACADEMYB.E/B.Tech (10+2 with Physics & Maths)AIR FORCE ACADEMYGraduation, B.E/B.Tech (10+2 with Physics &Maths)OFFICERS’ TRAINING ACADEMY (MEN)Graduation DegreeOFFICERS’ TRAINING ACADEMY (WOMEN)Graduation Degree CDS Exam 2023 Selection Procedure: CDS follows a three-stage recruitment process it consists of: Written TestSSB InterviewMedical ExaminationMerit List CDS Exam 2023 Examination Pattern: UPSC follows a standard and very transparent manner to conduct the CDS Exam 2023 examination. The written examination consists of the below subjects: A) For Admission to Indian Military Academy, Indian Naval Academy, and Air Force Academy: SUBJECTDURATIONMAX. MARKSENGLISH2 HOURS100 MGENERAL KNOWLEDGE2 HOURS100 MELEMENTARY MATHEMATICS2 HOURS100 M B) For Admission to Officers’ Training Academy: SUBJECTDURATIONMAX. MARKSENGLISH2 HOURS100 MGENERAL KNOWLEDGE2 HOURS100 M CDS Exam 2023 SSB Interview 2023 involves 2 stages: Stage 1 consists of officer intelligence rating, picture perception, and description test.Stage 2 involves interview, group testing officer task, psychology test, and conference CDS Exam 2023 How to Apply: Visit the official website — upsc.gov.in or upsconline.nic.inClick on the UPSC CDSE 1 2023 linkIn part – I of the registration, submit your basic information.In part II, fill the payment details and choice of exam center, upload your photo and sign as per guidelinesSave and submit it and take a print out for further reference CDS Exam 2023 NOTIFICATION OTHER IMPORTANT DETAILS: Application fee: Rs 200/- SC, ST and women candidates are exempted from application fee Examination Centers: UPSC CDS 1 2023 exam will be held in 40+ CDS Exam Centers across India ALSO READ: CDS 1 2023 Notification And Exam Date 1. What is CDS 1 2023 Exam Date? 16 April 2023 2. What is CDS 2 2023 Exam Date? 03 September 2023 3. What are CDS 1 2023 age limits? For IMA and INA 19-24, for IAF 20-24 and for OTA 19-25 years. 4. Who can apply for CDS 2023 Exams? Any graduate in the final year or completed can apply for the UPSC CDS 2023 exam. […] Read more…
    FORCE DEFENCE ACADEMY INDORE 9826049151 NDA Syllabus 2022: The Union Public Service Commission (UPSC) publishes the NDA entrance exam syllabus alongside the official announcement. The UPSC holds the much anticipated National Defence Academy (NDA) exam twice a year in order to enrol qualified male and female applicants into the country’s defence forces. NDA Syllabus 2022: Exam Overview Before getting into details of the syllabus of NDA 2022, let us have an overview of the UPSC NDA 2022 exam: NDA Exam Syllabus 2022: Subject-wise Syllabus The UPSC has mentioned the latest syllabus in the NDA Notification 2022. The NDA written exam consists of two papers as given below: Paper I: MathematicsPaper II: General Ability Test (Part A: English and Part B: General Knowledge) NDA Exam Syllabus of Maths Candidates must understand the fundamental concepts of Mathematics to complete the NDA Maths Syllabus 2022. Candidates can check out the detailed NDA Mathematics syllabus from the table mentioned below: NDA Mathematics Algebra Concept of SetsOperations on SetsVenn diagramsDe Morgan lawsCartesian productRelationEquivalence relationRepresentation of real numbers on a lineComplex numbers—basic properties, modulus, argument, cube roots of unityBinary system of numbers Matrices And Determinants Types of matricesOperations on matricesDeterminant of a matrixBasic properties of determinantsAdjoint and inverse of a square matrixApplications-Solution of a system of linear equations in two or three unknowns by Cramer’s Cramer’s by Matrix Method. Trigonometry Angles and their measures in degrees and in radiansTrigonometrical ratiosTrigonometric identities – Sum and difference formulaeInverse trigonometric functionsMultiple and Sub-multiple anglesApplications-Height and distance, properties of triangles. Analytical Geometry of Two and Three Dimensions Rectangular Cartesian Coordinate systemDistance formulaEquation of a line in various formsAngle between two linesDistance of a point from a lineEquation of a circle in standard and in general formStandard forms of parabola, ellipse and hyperbolaEccentricity and axis of a conicPoint in a three-dimensional space, the distance between two pointsDirection Cosines and direction ratios View more Differential Calculus Concept of a real-valued function–domain, range, and graph of a functionComposite functions, one-to-one, onto, and inverse functionsNotion of limit, Standard limits—examplesContinuity of functions—examplesAlgebraic operations on continuous functionsDerivative of function at a pointGeometrical and physical interpretation of a derivative—applicationsDerivatives of sum, product and quotient of functionsDerivative of a function with respect to another functionDerivative of a composite function Integral Calculus and Differential Calculus Integration as inverse of differentiationIntegration by substitution and by partsstandard integrals involving algebraic expressions, trigonometric, exponential and hyperbolic functionsEvaluation of definite integrals—determination of areas of plane regions bounded by curves—applicationsDefinition of order and degree of a differential equationFormation of a differential equation by examplesGeneral and particular solution of differential equationsSolution of first order and first-degree differential equations of various types—examplesApplication in problems of growth and decay– Vector Algebra Vectors in two and three dimensionsMagnitude and direction of a vectorUnit and null vectorsAddition of vectorsScalar multiplication of a vectorScalar product or dot product of two vectorsVector product or cross product of two vectorsApplications—work done by a force and moment of a force and in geometrical problems. Statistics Classification of dataFrequency distribution, cumulative frequency distribution—examplesGraphical representation—Histogram, Pie Chart, frequency polygon— examplesMeasures of Central tendency—Mean, median and modeVariance and standard deviation—determination and comparisonCorrelation and Regression Probability Random experiment, outcomes and associated sample space, events, mutually exclusive and exhaustive events, impossible and certain eventsConditional probabilityUnion and Intersection of events. Complementary, elementary and composite eventsBayes’s simple problemsDefinition of probability—classical and statistical—examplesRandom variable as function on a sample spaceElementary theorems on probability—simple problemsBinomial distribution, examples of random experiments giving rise to Binominal distribution. NDA General Ability Test Syllabus Candidates must have a basic understanding of English, Environmental Studies, and Science and Technology subjects that are addressed in NDA GAT Syllabus. Check out the topics included in the NDA GAT 2022 syllabus from the table mentioned below: English languageComprehensionFill in the blanksComplete the sentencesIdioms and phrasesSynonyms and antonymsActive and passive voiceFinding errorsHistoryIndian History: Culture and civilisationBhoodan, Sarvodaya, National Integration and Welfare State, Basic Teachings of Mahatma GandhiIndia freedom strugglePanchayati Raj, Co-operatives, and Community DevelopmentFrench Revolution, Industrial Revolution, and Russian RevolutionImpact of Science and Technology on SocietyConcept of one World, United Nations, Panchsheel, Democracy, Socialism, and CommunismForces shaping the modern world; Renaissance, Exploration, and DiscoveryGeographyLandforms of IndiaMovements of Earth and their effectsLayers of earthType of soilsClimate and AtmosphereRiversCyclones and AnticyclonesSolar system and universeRocks and their classificationPhysicsNatural and Artificial Magnets, Properties of a Magnet, Earth as a MagnetSpherical mirrors and Lenses, Human EyeDensity and Specific Gravity, Principle of Archimedes, Pressure BarometerRectilinear propagation of Light, Reflection and refractionStatic and Current Electricity, conductors and Non-conductors,Physical Properties and States of Matter, Mass, Weight, Volume,Heat, Measurement of Temperature and Heat, change of State and Latent Heat, Modes of transference of HeatOhm’s Law, Electrical Circuits, Heating, Lighting and Magnetic effects of Current, Measurement of Electrical Power, Primary and Secondary Cells, Use of X-Rays.Equilibrium of objectsLaws of MotionGravitationWork, power, and energyChemistryMixtures and Compounds, Symbols, Formulae and simple Chemical Equations, Law of Chemical CombinationProperties of Air and WaterFertilizers— Natural and ArtificialThe material used in the preparation of substances like Soap, Glass, Ink, Paper, Cement, Paints, Safety Matches and Gun-PowderElementary ideas about the structure of Atom, Atomic Equivalent and Molecular Weights, ValencyPreparation and Properties of Hydrogen NDA Interview Selection Process 2022 After conducting the NDA examination, the conducting body will call the shortlisted candidates to appear in the Personal Interview round. As per the official notification, the interview is held in Stage 1 and Stage 2. It is mandatory for all the appearing candidates to clear Stage 1 to be called for Stage 2. Here, we have enlisted the interview round details. Candidates must check the table given below to know more: Stage I comprises Officer Intelligence Rating (OIR) tests, Picture Perception, and Description Test (PP&DT). The candidates will be shortlisted based on their overall performance in OIR Test and PP&DT. Stage II comprises an Interview, Group Testing Officer Tasks, Psychology Tests, and the Conference. These tests are conducted for 4 days. Please go through the table below […] Read more…
    click here for more details The AFCAT screening test is held by the Indian Air Force which provides various courses for the candidates who are selected in Indian Air Force. The candidates must clear the AFCAT examination to get admission to various IAF courses, of Flying Branch, Ground Duty (Technical Branch), or Ground Duty (Non-Technical Branch). The AFCAT will be held in the last week of February 2023 for admission to January IAF courses. AS per the IAF AFCAT notification the admission test is going to be held in the last week of February 2023. AFCAT 2023 Notification: AFCAT (I) 2023 Application form will release soon. AFCAT 2023: Highlights Exam NameAFCAT Commissioned Officer (Flying and Ground Duty)Conducting AuthorityIndian Air ForceExam LevelNationalExam frequencyTwice a yearNo. of PostsTo be announcedMode of ExamonlineExam purposeTo select Group A Gazetted Officers in Flying and Ground Duty (Technical and Non-Technical) branchesContact details020-25503105 or 020-25503106CategoryGovernment ExamsJob LocationAcross IndiaOfficial Siteafcat.cdac.in AFCAT 2023 Exam Date: There are two types of exams AFCAT 1 2023 & AFCAT 2 2023. Below candidates can see the detail of AFCAT 2023 Exam Date related information. Scheduled for – AFCAT 1 2023 Exam Date:  AFCAT-1 EventsExam DatesAFCAT-1 Exam Notification 2023November 2022Online Application form date startedDecember 2022Application Form Last date for receivingDecember 2022Admit Card AvailableFebruary 2023AFCAT 1 2023 Exam Date February 2023AFCAT-1 Exam ResultMarch 2023SSB Selection link activation dateMarch 2023 Scheduled for – AFCAT 2 2023 Exam Dates: Events Exam DatesAFCAT-2 Application Form ReleasedJune 2023Last Date to Apply Online Application formJuly 2023Admit Card AvailableSeptember 2023AFCAT-2 2023 Exam Date October 2023AFCAT-2 Exam ResultUpdate Soon Vacancy details: According to last year, The total number of vacancies will be 256 (Tentative), which will be filled through this recruitment drive. The recruitment will be for the post of Group A Gazetted Officers in Flying and Ground Duty (Technical and Non-Technical) branches. PC is for men only while SSC is for both men and women. AFCAT Entry: Flying- 74 PostsGround Duty (Technical){Aeronautical Engineer Electronics and Aeronautical Engineer Mechanical)- AE (L) – PC (40), SSC – 26, AE (M)- PC (23), SSC- 16Ground Duty (Non-Technical) (Administration and Education)-Administration: PC- 23, SSC -16, Education: PC-08, SSC -08 NCC Special Entry: Flying- 10 % seats out of CDSE vacancies for PC and 10% seats out of AFCAT vacancies for SSC. Meteorology: Ground Duty (Non-Technical)- PC-10, SSC-12 AFCAT Exam 2023 Eligibility Criteria: Read very carefully the Eligibility Criteria for AFCAT 2023. click here for more details Nationality: The candidates must be citizens of India as per the Indian citizenship act, 1955. Educational Qualifications and Age Criteria: For Flying Branch, Candidates should have mandatorily passed with a minimum of 50% marks each in Maths and Physics at 10+2 level and they must have completed a three-year graduation course in a relevant field with a minimum of 60% marks. The minimum age of the candidates must be 20 years.Ground Duty (Technical Branch), Candidates with a minimum of 50% marks each in Physics and Mathematics at 10+2 level and a minimum of four years degree graduation/integrated post-graduation qualification in Engineering/ Technology from recognized University  The minimum age of the candidates should be 20 years and maximum age should be 26 years.For Ground Duty (Non-Technical) Branches the candidates must have completed graduation or post-graduation. The age limit for graduates will be between 20 – 23 years and post-graduates will be between 20 – 26 years. Selection Procedure: Those selected in the online written test will have to clear the interview round also. The selected aspirants who clear both the rounds will finally be eligible for the IAF course cum post Air Force Commission: The candidates who are selected in AFCAT will be commissioned either as the ‘Short Service Commission” or “Permanent Commission” in Indian Air Force. Those candidates who are selected for SSC in Flying Branch are engaged for 14 years and those who are selected for Ground Duty and Technical Branches are engaged for 10 years which can be extended for the next 4 years depending on willingness, requirement, and availability of vacancies. Those candidates who are selected for Permanent Commission would continue to serve until the age of superannuation. Training: The training for the selected candidates shall start in the first week of October 2023. The duration of training of Flying and Technical Branches is 74 weeks and that of Ground Duty Branch is 52 weeks. Exam Pattern: Mode of Exam: Candidates can give the AFCAT Exam 2023 through Online Mode.Time Duration: AFCAT Exam duration will be 2 hours.Total Questions: The total number for the question will be 100 of 300 Marks.Types of Questions: The questions will be asked in the MCQ form.Medium: The language of the Exam will be only English.Total Marks: Each question will 3 marks.Negative Marking: For each wrong answer 1 mark will be deducted . Name of ExamSubjectsMarksNo. of Questions Exam Duration AFCATGeneral Awareness, Verbal Ability in English, Numerical Ability and Reasoning, and Military Aptitude Test3001002 HoursEKT (For technical branches)Mechanical, Computer Science, and Electrical & Electronics1505045 Minutes AFCAT Syllabus 2023: Check below topics that are related to AFCAT 2023 Syllabus. The AFCAT question paper is divided into 4th parts which are General Awareness and Reasoning, Verbal Ability, Numerical Ability, and Military Aptitude. For more about the AFCAT Exam 2023 Syllabus candidates check the official website: General Awareness: History, Basic Sciences, Geography, Sports, Defence, Culture, Current Affairs, Environment, Civics, Politics, Art, etc.Numerical Ability: Decimal Fraction, Average, Ratio & Proportion, Profit & Loss, Simple Interest, Percentage, Simplification.Verbal Ability in English: Comprehension, Sentence Completion, Synonyms, Testing of Vocabulary, Antonyms, Error Detection, etc.Reasoning and Military Aptitude Test section: Verbal Skills and Spatial Ability Admit Card: AFCAT 2023 Admit Card will release in September 2023. The mode of release of Admit Card 2023 through the online process. The Authority will also send the Admit card through the mail. The Admit contains the details about the exam. The candidate must download the admit card & bring it to the Exam center. Steps To Download AFCAT Admit Card: Visit the official website of the Indian Air Force @ afcat.cdac.in.On the home page of the Indian Air Force click on the ‘Candidate login’Then choose the first option ‘AFCAT 02/2023‘Enter the registered Email ID, and password, and click on the ‘Login’ button.Download the Air Force Common Admission Admit Card 2023.Take the printout of the Admit Card. […] Read more…
    In this article, we will discuss the various Armed Forces of India and the role they play in the security apparatus of the country. Armed Forces of India – Basic Facts The various armed forces of the Union of India have separate mandates and are handled by different ministries. The majority of the external security threats in India are managed by the Ministry of Defence with the help of the Ministry of Home Affairs. Most of the internal security challenges and their management in border areas are also handled by both the Defence Ministry and the Home Ministry. Internal security threats such as insurgencies, separatism and riots etc are the primary responsibility of the Ministry of Home Affairs. The security forces which handle different threats in India are classified into: Indian Armed Forces Paramilitary Forces of India and Central Armed Police Forces. India also has dedicated Special Forces within each security force as well as two specialized Anti-Terrorism, Urban Warfare and VIP protection units. Indian Armed Forces – Introduction The Indian Armed Forces are the military forces of India. The defence services in India consist of three uniformed services: The Indian Army The Indian Navy The Indian Air Force The Indian Armed Forces are supported by the Indian Coast Guard, paramilitary forces, and various other organizations. The supreme commander of the Indian Armed Forces is the President of India. All three services report to the Ministry of Defence. The Indian Army Indian Army or Bhartiya Thal Sena is the land-based component of the armed forces. It is evolved from the armed forces of the East India Company, ultimately turned into the British Indian Army and the Indian Army after independence. It is commanded by the Chief of Army Staff (COAS). It is considered the second-largest active army in the world. The mission of the Indian Army is to guarantee the national security and defend the sovereignty, territorial integrity and harmony of India from external aggression and intimidation. It also includes providing humanitarian support and aid to the common people during natural disasters and unexpected time. Who is the Chief of Army Staff (2021)? – General Manoj Mukund Naravane. He is the 28th COAS and took over the 27th COAS General Bipin Rawat. Special Forces of Indian Army – Para Commandos The Para Commandos are the most well known of the Indian Army’s special forces. It undertakes operations behind enemy lines, anti-terrorist and counterinsurgency missions as well as rescue operations during natural disasters. Read about a few bilateral exercises where Indian Army participates: Sampriti Exercise Mitra Shakti Maitree Exercise Nomadic Elephant Shakti Exercise The Indian Navy India has a coastline of 7516.6 km. The Indian Navy secures India’s maritime borders and interests. It also safeguards Indian trading vessels by combating piracy on the high seas. Along with this, it assists the common people during disasters. It is commanded by the Chief of the Naval Staff – an Admiral. The Indian Navy is deployed under three Commands: The Eastern Naval command – Vishakhapatnam is the headquarter. Western Naval command – Mumbai is the headquarter Southern Naval Command – Kochi is the headquarter. The Naval forces are used to support the foreign policy objectives, to build ‘bridges of friendship’ and strengthen international cooperation. Who is the Chief of Naval Staff (2021)? Admiral Karambir Singh is the 24th Chief of Naval Staff. He took over Admiral Sunil Lanba who was the 23rd Chief of Naval Staff. Special Forces of Indian Navy – MARCOS The Marine Commando Force (MCF), also known as MARCOS is a Special Forces unit of the Indian Navy. It is involved in anti-terrorism, anti-piracy and special operations. Read about the trilateral naval exercise, Malabar Exercise, where Indian Navy participates. The Indian Air Force The Indian Air Force was officially established on 8 October 1932. It was known as the Royal Indian Air Force in recognition of its services during the Second World War. After Independence, the term ‘Royal’ was omitted. It is considered the 4th largest Air force in the world. The primary responsibility of the Indian Air Force is to secure the Indian airspace and to conduct aerial warfare during a conflict. Apart from the wars of independent India and humanitarian work, it has participated in many United Nations peacekeeping missions. Chief of Air Staff (An Air Marshal) is the commander of the air forces in India. The Air Force Network (AFNet) launched on 14th September 2010, is a digital information grid that enabled quick and accurate threat responses. It is a fibre optic-based network. Who is the current Chief of Air Staff (2022)? Air Chief Marshal Vivek Ram Chaudhari is the 27th Chief of Air Staff. He took over Air Chief Marshal Rakesh Kumar Singh Bhadauria who was the 26th Chief of Air Staff. Special Forces of Indian Air Force – Garud Commando Force The Garud Commando Force is the special forces unit of the Indian Air Force, engaged in tasks such as airfield protection during conflicts, suppression of enemy air defence, search and rescue of downed aircrew and humanitarian aid during disasters. Central Armed Police Forces (CAPF) Paramilitary Forces in India Central Armed Police Forces were formerly referred to as Paramilitary Forces. From March 2011, the Ministry of Home Affairs adopted a uniform nomenclature of Central Armed Police Forces to avoid confusion. There are seven central armed police forces. Each of these forces performs a separate function. They operate under the Ministry of Home affairs. Each of the forces is led by an IPS officer with the notable exception of the Assam Rifles which is headed by an Army officer of the rank of Lieutenant General. The term “paramilitary forces” in India has not been defined in any act of parliament or by the authorities. Since 2011, the Government of India uses an unofficial definition that the Paramilitary forces are the ones that assist the military forces and are headed by Military officers, not by IPS officers. Learn the Difference between Indian Army and CAPF (Central Armed Police Force) in the linked article.  The list of Paramilitary Forces of India is given below, followed by the description of each: Assam Rifles Border Security Force (BSF) Central Industrial Security Force (CISF) Central Reserve Police Force (CRPF) Indo-Tibetan Border Police (ITBF) National Security Guard (NSG) Sashastra Seema Bal (SSB) Assam Rifles – Important Facts: The Assam Rifles was established in 1835. It is considered the oldest of all paramilitary forces and one of the six Central Armed Police Forces (CAPF). This force plays a crucial role in North East India, handling counterinsurgency and border security operations. They are also guarding the 1,643 km long Indo-Myanmar border since 2002. It is the only paramilitary force with a dual control structure It is often referred to as the“Friends of the Hill People”, “Friends of the North East People” and the “Sentinels of the North East”. It is headed by an Army officer of the rank of Lieutenant General. It currently reports to the Ministry of Home Affairs. The administrative control of Assam Rifles is with MHA while the operational control is with the Ministry of Defence. It remains the most awarded paramilitary force in both pre-and post-independent India – Since independence, it has been awarded 120 Shaurya Chakras, 31 Kirti Chakras, five Vir Chakras and four Ashok Chakras, apart from 188 Sena Medals. Border Security Force (BSF) – Important Facts The BSF is the border guards of the country and is called the ‘India’s First Line of Defence’. This Union Government Agency under the administrative control of Ministry of Home Affairs came into being in the wake of the 1965 Indo-Pakistan war. It was established on 1st December 1965. It ensures the security of the borders of India and headed by an officer from the Indian Police Service. It also undertakes defensive actions during wartime to free up Indian Army troops for offensive operations. Of late, the BSF has also been tasked with assisting the CRPF and army in counter-insurgency operations. The current Director-General of BSF (2021) – Shri Rakesh Asthana, IPS. Central Industrial Security Force (CISF) – Important Facts Central Industrial Security Force (CISF) was established in 1969, under an Act of Parliament, “Central Industrial Security Force Act, 1968.” It provides integrated security cover to the Public Sector Undertakings, airports and SEZs on a case to case basis. It is currently providing security cover to nuclear installations, space establishments, airports, seaports, power plants, sensitive Government buildings, heritage monuments and large special economic zones. CISF is also responsible to provide protection to the persons classified as Z Plus, Z, X, Y. CISF is the only force with a customized and dedicated fire wing. CISF is a compensatory cost force. The current Director-General of CISF (2022) is Sheel Vardhan Singh. Central Reserve Police Force (CRPF) The Central Reserve Police Force was established by the enactment of the CRPF Act in 1949. Initially, it came into existence as Crown Representative’s Police in 1939 for internal security. The primary mission of the Central Reserve Police Force is counter-insurgency operations. It also assists the State and Union Territories in police operations to maintain law and order. Apart from this, the force participates as a police force in the UN peace-keeping missions. The CRPF maintains a special operation unit known as Commando Battalion for Resolute Action(COBRA) to combat Maoist insurgents. The current Director-General of CRPF (2022) is SH. KULDIEP SINGH, IPS Indo-Tibetan Border Police (ITBP) The Indo-Tibetan Border Police was established on 24th October 1962 after the 1962 Sino-Indian conflict. It was created under the CRPF Act. It guards the Indo-Tibetan border and the mountainous regions of the India-China border and monitors the northern borders. ITBP replaced Assam Rifles in Sikkim and Arunachal Pradesh in 2004. The Indi-China border covering the following state is guarded by the ITBP (From the Karakoram pass in Jammu & Kashmir to Jechap La in Arunachal Pradesh): Jammu & Kashmir Himachal Pradesh Uttarakhand Sikkim Arunachal Pradesh It detects and prevents border violations. The force also keeps a check on illegal immigration and trans-border smuggling. It has been deployed in UN peacekeeping missions in Kosovo, Sierra Leone, Haiti, Western Sahara, Bosnia, Herzegovina, Afghanistan and Sudan. The current Director-General of ITBP (2022) is Shri Sanjay Arora. Sashastra Seema Bal (SSB) The Sashastra Seema Bal was set up in March 1963. They guard Indo-Nepal and Indo-Bhutan Borders. They are also deployed during elections as polling booth security. Its area of coverage included 15 states Previously, it was known as the Special Service Bureau and they are deployed to control anti-national activities and inculcate feelings of national belonging in the border population among others. It also acts against smuggling and other illegal activities. The current SSB chief (2022) is Kumar Rajendra Chandra, IPS. Special Forces of India Apart from the special forces operating under army, navy and air force in the country, the special forces of India also have the following units reporting directly to the Home Ministry for counter-terrorism and VIP protection activities: National Security Guards (NSG) It was established on 22nd September 1986. The National Security Guards is a special forces unit under the Ministry of Home affairs. It is established to counter the surge of militancy in the country. It has a highly trained force which deals with exceptional situations when local police and special forces need assistance. It was raised to combat terrorist activities and to guarantee the states do not experience any internal disturbances. They played a crucial role in countering the 26/11 Mumbai terrorist attacks. Read Gist of PIB report on National Security Doctrine in the linked article. Special Protection Group (SPG) It was raised in 1985. The Special Protection Group is the most elite, nodal protection agency in the country. It is an armed force of the Union for providing immediate security to the Prime Minister of India, the former Prime Minister and members of their close family members. The Special Protection Group (SPG) under the Cabinet Secretariat commences under Special Protection Group Act, 1988. Also, read: RSTV-Big Picture: Security – Status Symbol for Protection Other Important Security Agencies In India Railway Protection Force (RPF) Railway Protection Force is a security force of India entrusted with protecting railway passengers, passenger area and property of the Indian Railways. This is the only armed force of the Union which has the power to arrest, investigate and prosecute criminals. Read about the service profile of Railway Protection Force in the linked article. National Disaster Response Force (NDRF) The National Disaster Response Force (NDRF) was set up under The Disaster Management Act, 2005. It was constituted for the function of specialist response to natural and man-made disasters. The aim of the National Disaster Management Authority is to construct a safer and disaster resilient India by rising a holistic, proactive, multi-disaster and technology-driven strategy for disaster management. It is a force composed of 12 battalions. It is manned by persons on deputation from various CAPFs and also re-employs physically fit members of the armed forces who have retired but are still under reserve liability.       Frequently Asked Questions related to Paramilitary Forces in India How many central armed police forces (CAPF) are there in India? There are 7 security forces in CAPF namely- Central Reserve Police Force (CRPF), Central Industrial Security Force (CISF), Sashastra Seema Bal (SSB), Assam Rifles (AR), Indo-Tibetan Border Police (ITBP), National Security Guards (NSG) and Border Security Forces (BSF). What is meant by paramilitary forces? A paramilitary organization is a semi-militarized force whose organizational structure, tactics, training, subculture, and (often) function are similar to those of a professional military, but is not formally part of a country’s armed forces. What is the role of the Paramilitary? A paramilitary organization is organized like an army and performs either civil or military functions. The Central Armed Police Forces (commonly referred to as Paramilitary forces) play an important role in border security as well as internal security. Which is the largest Paramilitary force in India? With 246 battalions and various other facilities, the CRPF is considered the largest paramilitary force in India and has been sanctioned by more than 300,000 staff since 2019. How many Special Forces are there in India? The Special Force of Indian Army is Parachute Regiment; Indian Navy is MARCOS, and that of Indian Air Force is Garuda Commando Force. Apart from these, NSG, Special Frontier Force, Special Protection Group etc. are […] Read more…
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